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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1613 |
- 21 Feb 1613—15 Mar 1917: The Romanov Dynasty, the last imperial dynasty to rule Russia, begins when 16 year old Mikhail Romanov is elected as Czar.Russiapedia Hillwood
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| 2 | 1837 |
- 20 Jun 1837—22 Jan 1901: Victoria. Ruler of England 1837-1901. House of Hanover: Daughter of Edward, 4th son of George III; married (1840) her cousin Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, who became Prince Consort.HistoricUK
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| 3 | 1860 |
- 3 Apr 1860—26 Oct 1861: The Pony Express mail delivery service is established.PX NPX
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| 4 | 1861 |
- 29 Jan 1861: Kansas becomes a state.ThoughtCo 50States.com
- 4 Feb 1861: The Confederate States of America is formed.CWH LoVA
- 18 Feb 1861: Jefferson Davis becomes the President of the Confederate States of America.ACW LoC
- 19 Feb 1861: Serfdom is abolished in Russia by Alexander II.SHU LoC
- 28 Feb 1861—1 Aug 1876: Colorado Territory is organized.COEnc Politico
- 12 Apr 1861—14 Apr 1861: Fort Sumter is attacked.
NPS
LoC
- 21 Jul 1861: The first major land battle of the Civil War occurs, the first Battle of Bull Run.USSenate ABT
- 5 Aug 1861: President Abraham Lincoln imposes the first income tax in order to afford the Civil War.NCC NPS
- 19 Nov 1861: The U. S. exports its first oil shipments to London.AOGHS
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| 5 | 1862 |
- 9 Mar 1862: The first naval engagement between ironclad ships, the USS Monitor fights the CSS Virginia to a draw.ACW NPS
- 8 Apr 1862: John D. Lynde receives the first patent for an aerosol dispenser.DC GooglePatents
- 20 Apr 1862: The first pasteurization test, aimed at disproving the theory of spontaneous generation and proving food could be preserved by applied heat, is completed by Louis Pasteur and Claude Bernard.HP AZDHS
- 29 Apr 1862: Union Admiral David Farragut forces the surrender of New Orleans, Louisiana.History.com HoW
- 15 May 1862: The United States Department of Agriculture is established.USDA USNA
- 1 Jul 1862: The Revenue Act of 1862 establishes the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, what will become the IRS in 1918.USNA Treasury
- 4 Nov 1862: Dr. Richard Gatling patents the machine gun ushering in the age of high powered weaponry.IN GooglePatents
- 5 Nov 1862: More than 300 Santee Sioux are sentenced to hang in Minnesota.History.com NDStudies
- 13 Dec 1862: Confederate forces under Robert E. Lee defeat the Union forces under Ambrose Burnside, who abandoned his campaign 2 days later.LoC ABT
- 26 Dec 1862: 38 members of the Sioux nation are executed in Mankato, Minnesota in the largest mass hanging in U. S. history.UNA UDM
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| 6 | 1863 |
- 1 Jan 1863: The Emancipation Proclamation is issued.USNA OurDocs
- 10 Jan 1863: The first stretch of the London Underground opens.Telegraph DM
- 3 Mar 1863: The National Academy of Sciences is established.NAS Harvard
- 20 Jun 1863: West Virginia becomes a state.ThoughtCo 50States.com
- 1 Jul 1863—3 Jul 1863: Confederate forces meet Union forces at the Battle of Gettysburg.NPS ABT
- 13 Jul 1863: The New York City Draft Riots begin.UChicago CUNY
- 17 Sep 1863—18 Sep 1863: The Battle of Antietam gives the Union a "victory", even though it is militarily a draw.ABT NPS
- 3 Oct 1863: Lincoln issues his Thanksgiving Day Proclamation establishing Thanksgiving as the last Thursday in November.NPS WAPO
- 19 Nov 1863: President Abraham Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address.LoC
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| 7 | 1864 |
|
| 8 | 1865 |
- 1 Feb 1865: President Abraham Lincoln signs the 13th Amendment which abolishes slavery and involuntary servitude.LoC OurDocs
- 8 Feb 1865: Gregor Mendel first presents his works on plant hybridization.Nature NIH
- 9 Apr 1865: Lee surrenders to Grant at the Appomattox Court House ending the Civil War.LoC USNA
- 14 Apr 1865: President Abraham Lincoln is shot by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theatre.LoC Ford's
- 15 Apr 1865: President Abraham Lincoln dies after being shot by John Wilkes Booth the previous day.PBS LoC
- 15 Apr 1865: Andrew Johnson becomes the 17th president of the United States of America upon President Lincoln's death. He serves from 1865 - 1869.NPS LoC
- 9 May 1865: Dr. Richard Gatling receives a patent for his machine gun.USNA SAWar
- 2 Jun 1865: Confederate forces west of the Mississippi sign the terms of surrender, officially ending the Civil War.NPS DC
- 19 Jun 1865: Union soldiers land at Galveston, Texas with news that the Civil War was over and that the enslaved were now free.SI PBS
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1861 - 1865 (3 years)