| 1859 | |  | 24 Nov: 
Charles Darwin publishes his groundbreaking volume, "On the Origin of Species".Literature.org NSF | 
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| 1863 | |  | 3 Mar: 
The National Academy of Sciences is established.NAS Harvard | 
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| 1865 | |  | 8 Feb: 
Gregor Mendel first presents his works on plant hybridization.Nature NIH | 
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| 1869 | |  | 26 Feb: 
Physician Friedrich Miescher reports that he isolated DNA from white blood cells, naming it nuclein.SciDir RalfDahm | 
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| 1949 | |  | 6 Jan: 
The first photograph of genes was taken at the University of Southern California by Dr. Daniel Chapin Pease and Dr. Richard Freligh Baker. TiS DE | 
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| 1952 | |  | 20 Sep: 
Geneticists Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase publish their conclusion that DNA is where life's hereditary data is found.OSU RUP | 
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| 1953 | |  | 28 Feb: 
At Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University, scientists James D. Watson and Frances H.C. Crick announce that they have determined the chemical structure of DNA.NIH GO | 
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| 1981 | |  | 9 Apr: 
The complete sequence of the 16,569-base pair human mitochondrial genome is presented in the journal Nature.GoogleBooks  SCIRP | 
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| 1996 | |  | 5 Jul: 
Dolly the sheep, the first successfully cloned mammal, is born.SA G&S | 
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| 2001 | |  | 15 Feb: 
The Human Genome Project publishes its results to date in the journal Nature.Genome Nature | 
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| 2003 |  |