one barton family.net's Genealogy Project: Timeline: Albert Brewer Wardwell

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TNG version: 15.0.2

1853 - 1874 (20 years)

	Date	Event(s)
1	1613	21 Feb 1613—15 Mar 1917: The Romanov Dynasty, the last imperial dynasty to rule Russia, begins when 16 year old Mikhail Romanov is elected as Czar.Russiapedia Hillwood
2	1837	20 Jun 1837—22 Jan 1901: Victoria. Ruler of England 1837-1901. House of Hanover: Daughter of Edward, 4th son of George III; married (1840) her cousin Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, who became Prince Consort.HistoricUK
3	1853	1 Apr 1853: The first professional U. S. fire department is established in Cincinnati, Ohio.CFD CO.gov 21 May 1853: The first public aquarium opens in Regent's Park in London.GoogleBooks TheTimes 30 Dec 1853: Land, currently in Arizona and New Mexico, is bought from Mexico, known as the Gadsen Purchase.Avalon USNA
4	1854	28 Mar 1854—1 Apr 1856: Britain and France declare war on Russia beginning their involvement in the Crimean War.SLSA HK 29 Apr 1854: The Ashmun Institute, the first black college, is chartered in Pennsylvania.Lincoln Columbia
5	1855	28 Jan 1855: A train runs from the Atlantic Ocean across the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean for the first time.PCM SBH&RM 8 Mar 1855: The first train crosses the Niagara Railway Suspension Bridge, the first such bridge in the U. S..NFT NG 2 Jun 1855: The Portland Rum Riot begins.MHS NEHS
6	1856	22 May 1856: Preston Brooks, a Congressman from South Carolina, savagely beats Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner in the halls of Congress as tensions rise over the expansion of slavery.USHouse USHistory 21 Aug 1856: Connecticut's Charter Oak dies after high winds knock it down.CTHist CTJud 4 Nov 1856: James Buchanan Jr. is elected the 15th president of the United States of America, 1857 - 1861.USEA LoC
7	1857	23 Mar 1857: Elisha Otis installs the first modern passenger elevator in a public building, at a department store in New York City.W I R E D TIME 19 May 1857: An electromagnetic fire alarm telegraph system is patented by William Channing of Boston and Moses Farmer of Salem, Massachusetts.SI GP
8	1858	30 Mar 1858: The first pencil with a built-in eraser is patented.Haaretz GAF 11 May 1858: Minnesota becomes a state.ThoughtCo 50States.com 16 Jun 1858: Abraham Lincoln kicks off his bid for the U. S. Senate with what will come to be known as the "House Divided" speech.PBS NPS 29 Oct 1858: A store opens at the confluence of Cherry Creek and the South Platte River, soon to be named "Denver".History.com KEKB 22 Nov 1858: Denver, Colorado is founded.UN-L Denver
9	1859	14 Feb 1859: Oregon becomes a state.ThoughtCo 50States.com 21 Mar 1859: The charter is approved and signed for the first zoo in the U. S..PhillyMag AZA 12 Jul 1859: The paper bag machine is patented by William Goodale.CLS-LII GooglePatents 27 Aug 1859: The first successful oil well is drilled in Titusville, Pennsylvania.AOGHS DWM&P 16 Oct 1859: Abolitionist John Brown and several followers seize the United States Armory and Arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia.LoC USNA 24 Nov 1859: Charles Darwin publishes his groundbreaking volume, "On the Origin of Species".Literature.org NSF
10	1860	22 Feb 1860: More than 20,000 shoemakers go on strike in Lynn, Massachusetts.MassMoments PEM 3 Apr 1860—26 Oct 1861: The Pony Express mail delivery service is established.PX NPX 29 Jun 1860: The final stone is laid completing the Minot's Ledge Lighthouse, still in use today.US-L H2G2 18 Jul 1860: The first photographs of a solar eclipse are taken.HA EclipseMaps 6 Nov 1860: Abraham Lincoln is elected the 16th president of the United States of America, 1861 - 1865.SIMag LoC 20 Dec 1860: Confederate States begin to secede from the Union.Tulane SI
11	1861	29 Jan 1861: Kansas becomes a state.ThoughtCo 50States.com 4 Feb 1861: The Confederate States of America is formed.CWH LoVA 18 Feb 1861: Jefferson Davis becomes the President of the Confederate States of America.ACW LoC 19 Feb 1861: Serfdom is abolished in Russia by Alexander II.SHU LoC 28 Feb 1861—1 Aug 1876: Colorado Territory is organized.COEnc Politico 12 Apr 1861—14 Apr 1861: Fort Sumter is attacked. NPS LoC 21 Jul 1861: The first major land battle of the Civil War occurs, the first Battle of Bull Run.USSenate ABT 5 Aug 1861: President Abraham Lincoln imposes the first income tax in order to afford the Civil War.NCC NPS 19 Nov 1861: The U. S. exports its first oil shipments to London.AOGHS
12	1862	9 Mar 1862: The first naval engagement between ironclad ships, the USS Monitor fights the CSS Virginia to a draw.ACW NPS 8 Apr 1862: John D. Lynde receives the first patent for an aerosol dispenser.DC GooglePatents 20 Apr 1862: The first pasteurization test, aimed at disproving the theory of spontaneous generation and proving food could be preserved by applied heat, is completed by Louis Pasteur and Claude Bernard.HP AZDHS 29 Apr 1862: Union Admiral David Farragut forces the surrender of New Orleans, Louisiana.History.com HoW 15 May 1862: The United States Department of Agriculture is established.USDA USNA 1 Jul 1862: The Revenue Act of 1862 establishes the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, what will become the IRS in 1918.USNA Treasury 4 Nov 1862: Dr. Richard Gatling patents the machine gun ushering in the age of high powered weaponry.IN GooglePatents 5 Nov 1862: More than 300 Santee Sioux are sentenced to hang in Minnesota.History.com NDStudies 13 Dec 1862: Confederate forces under Robert E. Lee defeat the Union forces under Ambrose Burnside, who abandoned his campaign 2 days later.LoC ABT 26 Dec 1862: 38 members of the Sioux nation are executed in Mankato, Minnesota in the largest mass hanging in U. S. history.UNA UDM
13	1863	1 Jan 1863: The Emancipation Proclamation is issued.USNA OurDocs 10 Jan 1863: The first stretch of the London Underground opens.Telegraph DM 3 Mar 1863: The National Academy of Sciences is established.NAS Harvard 20 Jun 1863: West Virginia becomes a state.ThoughtCo 50States.com 1 Jul 1863—3 Jul 1863: Confederate forces meet Union forces at the Battle of Gettysburg.NPS ABT 13 Jul 1863: The New York City Draft Riots begin.UChicago CUNY 17 Sep 1863—18 Sep 1863: The Battle of Antietam gives the Union a "victory", even though it is militarily a draw.ABT NPS 3 Oct 1863: Lincoln issues his Thanksgiving Day Proclamation establishing Thanksgiving as the last Thursday in November.NPS WAPO 19 Nov 1863: President Abraham Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address.LoC
14	1864	17 Feb 1864: The Confederacy H. L. Hunley sinks the USS Housatonic and becomes the first submarine in the world to sink an enemy ship.ACW Hunley 5 Apr 1864: William Nicholson of Providence, Rhode Island receives a patent for a file cutting machine.GoogleBooks ID 19 Oct 1864: Confederate soldiers raid Saint Albans, Vermont from Canada.VV VH 31 Oct 1864: Nevada becomes a state.ThoughtCo 50States.com 15 Nov 1864: Sherman begins his March to the Sea after burning Atlanta.LoC OHC
15	1865	1 Feb 1865: President Abraham Lincoln signs the 13th Amendment which abolishes slavery and involuntary servitude.LoC OurDocs 8 Feb 1865: Gregor Mendel first presents his works on plant hybridization.Nature NIH 9 Apr 1865: Lee surrenders to Grant at the Appomattox Court House ending the Civil War.LoC USNA 14 Apr 1865: President Abraham Lincoln is shot by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theatre.LoC Ford's 15 Apr 1865: President Abraham Lincoln dies after being shot by John Wilkes Booth the previous day.PBS LoC 15 Apr 1865: Andrew Johnson becomes the 17th president of the United States of America upon President Lincoln's death. He serves from 1865 - 1869.NPS LoC 9 May 1865: Dr. Richard Gatling receives a patent for his machine gun.USNA SAWar 2 Jun 1865: Confederate forces west of the Mississippi sign the terms of surrender, officially ending the Civil War.NPS DC 19 Jun 1865: Union soldiers land at Galveston, Texas with news that the Civil War was over and that the enslaved were now free.SI PBS
16	1866	27 Jul 1866: Cyrus W. Field finally succeeds in laying the first working trans-Atlantic Telegraph cable from Ireland to Newfoundland.N&LH PBS 6 Oct 1866: The Reno brothers pull off the first train robbery in the United States.History.com
17	1867	1 Mar 1867: Nebraska becomes a state.ThoughtCo 50States.com 30 Mar 1867: The United States reaches an agreement to purchase Alaska from Russia for a price of $7.2 million.LoC USState 23 Apr 1867: The first moving picture machine, the Zoetrope, is patented by William Lincoln of Providence, Rhode Island.Yale GooglePatents 1 Jul 1867: Three British colonies merged to form the country of Canada. CNN 14 Jul 1867: Alfred Nobel demonstrates dynamite for the first time.GoogleBooks GF&F
18	1868	22 May 1868: The Reno brothers pull of the "Great Train Robbery."LoA IN 23 Jun 1868: Christopher Sholes patents the first practical typewriter.USNA SI 14 Jul 1868: Alvin J. Fellows of New Haven, Connecticut receives the first United States patent for a spring tape measure.W I R E D Threads 28 Jul 1868: The 14th ammendment is adopted guaranteeing citizenship to all those born or naturalized in the United States.ABAJ OurDocs
19	1869	11 Jan 1869: The synthesis of alizarin, the standard for red dyes and pigments, is announced as it is also being prepared in front of the audience.GoogleBooks 26 Feb 1869: Physician Friedrich Miescher reports that he isolated DNA from white blood cells, naming it nuclein.SciDir RalfDahm 6 Mar 1869: Dmitri Mendeleev presents his Periodic Table of Elements to the Russian Chemical Society.PopSci BYLib 10 May 1869: The first transcontinental railroad is complete when the Union and Central Pacific Railroads join rails in Promontory Summit, Utah.W-F CA 23 Jul 1869: The French-Atlantic cable is landed at Duxbury, Massachusetts.DRHS DH 16 Oct 1869: The Cardiff Giant, a 10 foot petrified body of a man, is "discovered" in Cardiff, New York.WRVO Hoaxes 3 Nov 1869: Ulysses S. Grant is elected the 18th president of the United States of America, 1869 - 1877.USEA 28 Dec 1869: William Semple of Mount Vernon, Ohio receives a patent for chewing gum.OHC OTC
20	1870	3 Jan 1870: Ground is broken and construction of the Brooklyn Bridge begins.GG NY 9 Feb 1870: President Ulysses S. Grant signs a joint resolution of Congress authorizing the Secretary of War to establish a national weather service.NOAA NWS 13 Apr 1870: The Metropolitan Museum of Art is incorporated in New York City.MetMuseum ArtNet 31 May 1870: The modern asphalt paving process is issued a patent.GoogleBooks McVey 22 Jun 1870: The U. S. Department of Justice is established.USNA DOJ 1 Nov 1870: The National Weather Service makes its first forecast.NWS PBS
21	1871	27 Apr 1871: The American Museum of Natural History opens to the public.AMNH GoogleBooks 8 Oct 1871—10 Oct 1871: A fire starts in a barn that spreads into the Great Chicago Fire. Architecture
22	1872	20 Feb 1872: New York City's Metropolitan Museum of Art opens its doors to the public for the first time.TheMet ArtStor 10 Apr 1872: Nebraskans plant more than a million trees on the first Arbor Day.LoC ArborDay 9 Jul 1872: Sea captain, John F. Blondel of Thomaston, Maine, patents the doughnut cutter.tFT CBSNews 9 Nov 1872—10 Nov 1872: A great fire destroys structures across 65 acres in the city of Boston.BFHS LoC Dec 1872: The first Rand McNally map is published.NA.gov
23	1873	20 May 1873: Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis receive a patent for blue jeans with copper rivets.W I R E D LS&Co
24	1874	10 Feb 1874: Lewis Latimer, the son of slaves and an inventor who worked closely with Edison on the incandescent light bulb, receives his first patent - a railroad car water closet.MassMoments RtG 16 May 1874: A dam bursts on the Mill River in western Massachusetts killing 139 people.MassMoments NEHS 7 Nov 1874: The first depiction of the Republican party as an elephant appears in Harper's Weekly in a Thomas Nast cartoon.SIMag LoC

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Albert Brewer Wardwell