NINTH GENERATION
422. Thomas Duston
(8369)
(8370)(8371)
(8372)(8373)
(8374)(8375)
(8376)(8377) was born about
1650 in Kittery, York Co., Maine.(8378)
He died in 1732 in Haverhill, Essex Co., Massachusetts.
(8379)(8380) His estate
was probated on 27 Nov 1732.(8381)
He was a bricklayer and farmer.(8382)
He was also known as Thomas Dustin.(8383)
(8384)
(8385) He was married to Hannah Emerson on 3 Dec 1677 in Haverhill,
Essex Co., Massachusetts.(8386)
(8387)(8388)
(8389)
(8390)(8391)
(8392)(8393)
(8394)(8395)
(8396)(8397)
423. Hannah Emerson
(8398)(8399)
(8400)(8401)
(8402)(8403)
(8404)(8405)
(8406)(8407)
(8408) was born on 23 Dec 1657 in Haverhill, Essex Co., Massachusetts.
(8409)(8410)
(8411)
(8412)(8413)
(8414) She died in 1736 in Ipswich, Essex Co., Massachusetts.
(8415)(8416)
Her estate was probated on 6 Mar 1737/38.
(8417) She is recounted in the following anecdote entered.
(8418) Colonial heroine; born in Haverhill, Mass. She married Thomas
Dustin, a bricklayer and farmer, and they had 12 children. In 1697, during King
William's War, Indian raiders captured Hannah, her youngest child, and a nurse.
Fearing what their fate might be, Hannah and a captive boy killed 10 sleeping
Indians with hatchets. She scalped the Indians, and the former captives returned
to Haverhill, where they received a bounty for the scalps. She left many descendants
through her 9 surviving children and two monuments were later erected in her
memory (1874, 1879).
She is recounted in the following anecdote entered.
(8419) Born in Haverhill, Massachusetts Bay Colony, on December 23,
1657, Hannah Emerson was married to Thomas Duston (or Dustin, or Dustan) in 1677.
During King William's War (1689-97) the French under Count Frontenac frequently
incited Native Americans to raid the English settlements, and on March 15, 1697,
a band of Abnakis made such a raid on Haverhill. Twenty-seven women and children
were killed in the raid. Less than a week from childbed, Hannah Duston was captured
along with her infant daughter and a nurse, Mary Neff. Hannah's husband managed
to escape with their seven other children. The baby was brutally killed, and
Hannah and Mary were taken northward by their captors. After a march of 100 miles,
the party paused at an island (afterward known as Penacook, or Dustin, Island)
in the confluence of the Merrimack and Contoocook rivers above the site of present-day
Concord, New Hampshire. There the two women were held and told that after a short
journey to a further village they would be stripped and scourged. On the island
they met Samuel Lennardson (or Leonardson), an English boy who had been captured
more than a year earlier. During the night of March 30, Hannah and the boy secured
hatchets and attacked their captors; 10 were killed, 9 of them by Hannah. The
three captives then stole a canoe and escaped, but Hannah turned back and scalped
the 10 corpses so as to have proof of the exploit. They reached Haverhill safely
and on April 21 presented their story to the General Court in Boston, which awarded
the sum of 25 pounds to Hannah Duston and half that to each of her companions.
Duston lived out the rest of her life quietly, moving after the death of her
husband in 1732 to Ipswich, Massachusetts, where she died, probably in early
1736.
She is recounted in the following anecdote entered. On March 9th, 1697 Hannah
gave birth to her twelfth child, Martha. Under the care of her neighbor, Mary
Neff, she was recovering rapidly when on the morning of March 16th they were
invaded by a band of indians. Her husband Thomas, working in the fields, saw
the indians approach, and shouted a warning to the other children to flee for
the garrison, about a mile away. He then rushed to the house in an attempt to
save her, but seeing he was too late, and no doubt urged on by Hannah herself,
raced after the other children resolving to escape with at least one.
A few of the indians followed Thomas, hiding behind bushes and rocks, but Thomas
dismounted and guarding the rear, threatened to shoot whenever one appeared.
Had he discharged his gun, they would have closed in at once, for reloading took
considerable time. He was successful and with the older children carrying the
younger, they all reached the garrison of Onesiphorus Marsh on Pecker's hill.
Meanwhile, the indians invading the house, forced Hannah to rise and dress herself.
Mrs. Neff, trying to escape with the baby was easily captured, and Hannah was
forced to watch the indians rifle the house of what they could carry away, and
then torch the house. In her haste, Hannah could only carry away one shoe as
the indians dragged her, Mrs. Neff and the baby to the woods to join the rest
of their band.
The indians chasing Thomas attacked other houses in the village, killing 27 and
capturing 13 of the inhabitants. Fearing pursuit, the Indians immediately set
out for Canada. Finding that the baby Martha was making it hard for Mrs. Neff
to keep up, one of the Indians seized it from her, and before her mother's horrified
eyes dashed out young Martha's brains against an apple tree. Some of the weaker
captives were callously knocked on the head and scalped, but despite of her condition
Hannah managed to keep up and during the next few days traveled about a hundred
miles through unbroken wilderness and rough trails, in places still covered with
winter snow and sometimes deep with mud.
Near the junction of the Contoocook and Merrimack rivers, twelve of the Indians
(two men, three women and seven children) took Mrs. Neff, Hannah and a young
boy of fourteen years (Samuel Lennardson) and left the main party, heading to
what is now known as Duston Island. They planned to rest before continuing on
to Canada. Samuel had been captured some eighteen months earlier was considered
one the Indian family, but was growing tired of living with them, and the two
women had stirred a longing for home. Under Hannah's direction, Samuel casually
asked the Indians how they had killed the English. "Strike 'em dere",
said Bambico, touching his temple, and then proceeded to show the boy how to
take a scalp.
After reaching the island sometime before March 30th, the Indians had grown
careless, considering the women too worn out to attempt an escape, and the young
boy one of the family. No watch was set that night and the indians slept soundly.
Hannah, who had been constantly thinking of how to escape developed a plan. Shortly
after midnight, Hannah, Mrs. Neff and Samuel arose, and armed with their captors
tomahawks, and on Hannah's signal quickly began to strike their captors. So swiftly
and surly did they perform their work that ten of the twelve Indians were killed
outright, with a severely wounded squaw and one of the boys they had intended
to take captive escaping into the woods.
They hastily piled food and weapons into a canoe, scuttled the rest of the canoes
and headed downstream. Suddenly realizing that there story would seem incredible,
Hannah ordered a return to the island, where they scalped their victims and set
out down the river, where they took turns sleeping, while the others guided the
frail craft..
Traveling during the night and hiding out by day, they finally reached the home
of John Lovewell in old Dunstable. A monument commemorating the event was erected
here in 1902. The following morning they continued on finally beaching their
canoe at Bradley's Cove, where Creek Brook flows into the Merrimack. Continuing
their journey on foot, they continued on to Haverhill, reuniting with their loved
ones who had no doubt given them up for lost.
This account was taken from the Duston-Dustin Family Genealogy - Second Edition
published in 1939.
The photographs came from the sites listed with additional information if you're
interested in learning more about one of our first great heroines.
---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
She is recounted in the following anecdote entered. The Story of Hannah Duston
Published by the Duston-Dustin Family Association, H. D. Kilgore Historian
Haverhill Tercentenary - June, 1940
On March 14, 1697, Thomas and Hannah Duston lived in a house on the west side
of the Sawmill River in the town of Haverhill. This house was located near the
great Duston Boulder and on the opposite side of Monument Street.
Their twenty years of married life had brought them material prosperity, and
of the twelve children who had been born to them during this period, eight were
living. Thomas, who was quite a remarkable man, - a bricklayer and farmer, who,
according to tradition, even wrote his own almanacs, and wrote them on rainy
days, - was beginning to have time to devote to town affairs, and had just completed
a term as Constable for the "west end" of the town of Haverhill.
He was at this time engaged in the construction with bricks from his own brickyard
of a new brick house about a half mile to the northwest of his home to provide
for the needs of his still growing family, for Baby Martha had just made her
appearance on March 9.
Under the care of Mrs. Mary Neff, both mother and child were doing well, the
rest of the family were in good health, his material affairs were prospering,
and it was undoubtedly with a rather contented feeling that Thomas, to say nothing
of his family, retired to rest on the eve of that fateful March 15, 1697, little
knowing what horrors the morrow was to bring.
Of course, there was always the fear of Indians. However, since the capture in
August of the preceding year, of Jonathan Haynes and his four children while
picking peas in a field at Bradley's Mills, near Haverhill, nothing had happened,
and apprehensions of any further attacks were gradually being lulled. Besides,
less than a mile on Pecker's Hill, was the garrison of Onesiphorus Marsh, one
of six established by the town containing a small body of soldiers. It was believed
that there was little ground for uneasiness.
But this was only a false security. Count Frontenac, the Colonial Governor of
Canada, was using every means at his disposal to incite the Indians against the
English as part of his campaign to win the New World for the French King. The
latter, due to the need for troops in Europe, where the war known as King William's
War was going on, was unable to send many to help Frontenac. So, with propaganda
and gifts, the French Governor had allied the tribes to the French cause and
bounties had been set on English scalps and prisoners. Every roving band of Indians
was determined to get its share of these, and even now, such a band was in the
woods near Haverhill, preparing for a lightning raid on the town with the first
light of dawn. The squaws and children were left in the forest to guard their
possessions, while the savage warriors moved stealthily towards the house of
Thomas and Hannah Duston, the first attacked.
Thomas, like all good farmers, had risen and was at work near the house, attending
to the morning chores, when he suddenly spied the approaching Indians. Instantly
seizing his gun, he mounted his horse and raced for the house, shouting a warning
which started the children toward the garrison, while he dashed into the house
hoping to save his wife and baby. Quickly realizing that this was impossible,
and urged by Hannah, he rode after the children, resolving to escape with at
least one.
On overtaking them, and finding it impossible to choose between them, he determined,
if possible, to save them all. A few of the Indians had pursued the little band
of fugitives, firing at them from behind treees and boulders, but Thomas, dismounting,
and guarding the rear from behind his horse, held back the savages by threatening
to shoot whenever one of them exposed himself. Had he discharged his gun, they
would have closed on him at once, for reloading took considerable time. He was
successful in his attempt, and all reached the garrison safely, the older children
hurrying the younger along, probably carrying them at times. This was probably
the garrison of Onesiphorus Marsh on Pecker's Hill.
Meanwhile, a fearful scene was being enacted in the home. Mrs. Neff, trying to
escape with the baby, was easily captured. Invading the house, the savages forced
Hannah to rise and dress herself. Sitting despairingly in the chimney, she watched
them rifle the house of all they could carry away, and was then dragged outside
while they fired the house, in her haste forgetting one shoe. A few of the Indians
then dragged Hannah and Mrs. Neff, who carried the baby, towards the woods, while
the rest of the band, rejoined by those who had been in the village, killing
twenty-seven and capturing thirteen of the inhabitants.
Finding that carrying the baby was making it hard for Mrs. Neff to keep up, one
of the Indians siezed from her, and before its mother's horrified eyes dashed
out its brains against an apple tree. The Indians, forcing the two women to their
utmost pace, at last reached the woods and joined the squaws and children who
had been left behind the night before. Here they were soon after joined by the
rest of the redskins with their plunder and other captives.
Fearing a prompt pursuit, the Indians immediately set out for Canada with their
booty. Some of the weaker captives were callously knocked on the head and scalped,
but in spite of her condition, poorly clad, and partly shod, Hannah, doubtless
assisted by Mrs. Neff, managed to keep up, and by her own account marched that
day "about a dozen miles", truly a remarkable feat. During the next
few days they traveled about a hundred miles through the unbroken wilderness,
over rough trails, in places still covered with the winter's snow, sometimes
deep with mud, and across icy brooks, while rocks tore their have shod feet and
their poorly clad bodies suffered from the cold - a terrible journey.
Near the junction of the Contoocook and Merrimack rivers, twelve of the Indians,
two men, three women, and seven children, taking with them Hannah, Mrs. Neff
and a boy of fourteen years, Samuel Lennardson (who had been taken prisoner near
Worcester about eighteen months before), left the main party and proceeded toward
what is now Dustin Island, situated where the two rivers unite, near the present
town of Penacook, N.H. This island was the home of the Indian who claimed the
women as his captives, and here it was planned to rest for a while before continuing
on the long journey to Canada.
This Indian family, stange as it may seem, had been converted by the French priests
at some time in the past, and was accustomed to have prayers three times a day
- in the morning, at noon, and at eveing - and ordinarily would not let their
children eat or sleep without first saying their prayers. Hannah's master, who
had lived in the family of Rev. Mr. Rowlandson of Lancaster some years before,
told her that "when he prayed the English way he thought that it was good,
but now he found the French way better." They tried however, to prevent
the two women from praying, but without success, for as they were engaged on
the tasks set by their master, they often found opportunities. Their Indian master
would sometimes say to them when he saw them dejected. "What need you trouble
yourself? If your God will have you delivered, you shall be so!"
During the long journey Hannah was secretly planning to escape at the first opportunity,
spurred on by the tales with which the Indians had entertained the captives on
the march, picturing how they would be treated after arriving in Canada, stripped
and made to "run the gauntlet;" jeered at and beaten and made targets
for the young Indians' tomahawks; how many of the English prisoners had fainted
under these tortures; and how they were often sold as slaves to the French. These
stories, added to her desire for revenging the death of her baby and the cruel
treatment of their captors while on the march, made this desire stronger. When
she learned where they were going, a plan took definite shape in her mind, and
was secretly communicated to Mrs. Neff and Samuel Lennardson.
Samuel, who was growing tired of living with the Indians, and in whom a longing
for home had been stirred by the presence of the two women, the next day casually
asked his master, Bampico, how he had killed the English. "Strike 'em dere,"
said Bampico, touching his temple, and then proceeded to show the boy how to
take a scalp. This information was communicated to the women, and they quickly
agreed on the details of the plan. They arrived at the island some time before
March 30, 1697.
After reaching the island, the Indians grew careless. The river was in flood.
Samuel was considered one of the family, and the two women were considered too
worn out to attempt escape, so no watch was set that night and the Indians slept
soundly. Hannah had decided that the time had come.
Shortly after midnight she woke Mrs. Neff and Samuel. Each, armed with a tomahawk,
crept silently to a position near the heads of the the sleeping Indians - Samuel
near Bampico and Hannah near her master. At a signal for Hannah the tomahawks
fell, and so swiftly and surely did they perform their work of destruction that
ten of the twelve Indians were killed outright, only town - a severly wounded
squaw and a boy whom they had intended to take captive - escaping into the woods.
According to a deposition of Hannah Bradley in 1739 (History of Haverhill, Chase
pp.308-309), "above penny cook the Deponent was forced to travel farther
than the rest of the captives, and the next night but one there came to use one
Squaw who said that Hannah Dustan and the aforesaid Mary Neff assisted in killing
the Indians of her wigwam except herself and a boy, herself escaping very narrowly,
shewing to myself & others seven wounds as she said with a Hatched on her
head which wounds were given her when the rest were killed."
Hastily piling food and weapons into a canoe, including the gun of Hannah's late
master and the tomahawk with which she had killed him, they scuttled the rest
of the canoes and set out down the Merrimack River. Suddenly realizing that without
proof their story would seem incredible, Hannah ordered a return to the island,
where they scalped their victims, wrapping the trophies in cloth which had been
cut from Hannah's loom at the time of the capture, and again set out down the
river each taking a turn at guiding the frail craft while the others slept.
Thus, traveling by night and hiding by day, they finally reached the home of
John Lovewell in old Dunstable, now a part of Nashua, N.H. Here they spent the
night, and a monument was erected here in 1902, commemorating the event. The
following morning the journey was resumed and the weary voyagers at last beached
their canoe at Bradley's Cove, where Creek Brook flows into the Merrimack. Continuing
their journey on foot, they at last reached Haverhill in safety. Their reunion
with loved ones who had given them up for lost can better be imagined than described.
Doubtless Samuel was the hero of the younger generation for many days.
Thomas took his wife and the others to the new house which he had been building
at the time of the massacre, and which was now completed. Here for some days
they rested.
In 1694 a bounty of fifty pounds had been placed on Indian scalps, reduced to
twenty-five pounds in 1695, and revoked completely on Dec. 16, 1696. Thomas Duston
believed that the act of the two women and the boy had been of great valuein
destroying enemies of the colony, who had been murdering innocent women and children,
and decided that the bounty should be claimed. So he took the two women and the
boy to Boston, where they arrived with the trophies on April 21, 1697. Here he
filed a petition to the Governor and Council, which was read on June 8, 1697
in the House (Mass. Archives, Vol. 70, p. 350), setting forth the above belief
and claiming the reward, pleading that "the merit of the Action remains
the same" and claiming that "your Petitioner haveing Lost his Estate
in that Calamity wherein his wife was carryed into her captivity redrs him the
fitter object for what consideracon the publick Bounty shall judge proper for
what hath been herein done," etc.
The same day the General Court voted payment of a bounty of twenty-five pounds
"unto Thomas Dunston of Haverhill, on behalf of Hannah his wife," and
twelve pounds ten shillings each to Mary Neff and Samuel. This was approved on
June 16, 1697, and the order in Council for the payment of the several allowances
was passed Dec. 4, 1697. (Chapter 10, Province laws, Mass. Archives.)
While in Boston Hannah told her story to Rev. Cotton Mather, whose morbid mind
was stirred to its depths. He perceived her escape in the nature of a miracle,
and his description of it in his "Magnalia Christi Americana" is extraordinary,
though in the facts doubtless quite correct and corroborated by the evidence.
In Samuel Sewall's Diary, Volume 1, pages 452 and 453, we find the following
entry on May 12, 1697:
"Fourth-day, May 12 . . . . Hannah Dustan came to see us; . . . She said
her master, whom she kill'd did formerly live with Mr. Roulandson at Lancaster:
He told her, that when he pray'd the English way, he thought that was good: but
now he found the French way was better. The single man shewed the night before,
to Saml Lenarson, how he used to knock Englishmen on the head and take off their
Scalps; little thinking that the Captives would make some of their first experiment
upon himself. Sam. Lenarson kill'd him."
This remarkable exploit of Hannah Duston, Mary Neff, and Samuel Lennardson was
received with amazement throughout the colonies, and Governor Sir Francis Nicholson
of Maryland, after reading Cotton Mather's account of her escape, had a silver
tankard, suitably inscribed, made in London, and later presented it to Hannah
Duston. Monuments have been erected on the island (1874) and in G. A. R. Park,
Haverhill (1861), commemorating the exploit, and an enormous boulder marks the
site of the house on Monument Street, Haverhill, where she died.
The first monument, commemorating the fame of a woman, to be erected in the United
States was one to Hannah Duston on June 1, 1861, in Haverhill.
Samuel Lennardson, on his return to Worcester, found that his father had removed
to Preston, Conn., and there he grew to manhood, married Lydia -----, and died
May 11, 1718, leaving three sons and two daughters.
Little is known of Hannah's life or that of Mary Neff after this event.
And now, let us return to Thomas Duston after his escape with the children. The
fear induced by the massacre caused Haverhill to at once establish several new
harrison houses. One of these was the brick house which Thomas was building for
his family at the time of the massacre. This was ordered completed, and though
the clay pits were not far from the home, a guard of soldiers was placed over
those who brought clay to the house. The order establishing Thomas Duston's house
as a garrison was dated April 5, 1697. He was appointed master of the garrison
and assigned Josiah Heath, Sen., Josiah Heath Jun., Josep Bradley, John Heath,
Joseph Kingsbury, and Thomas Kingsbury as a guard.
It was about this time that Hannah returned home. After the return from Boston,
Thomas remembered that while constable the preceding year he had advanced the
sum of ten pounds, fourteen shillings, and eight pence to Col. Nathaniel Saltonstall
for money due several men as soldiers under the latter for service in 1695, and
received an order from the Province Treasurer as security, which order was destroyed
in the fire. As his request, Colonel Saltonstall wrote to the Province Treasurer
on May 31, 1697, acknowledging receipt of the money in return for the order which
was burned in Thomas's house the preceding March, and the order for payment of
this sum to Thomas Dustonwas approved by the Council on Jone 4, 1697. (Mass.
Archives.)
The details of an adventure of such an extraordinary character as that just described
soon became public property, but little is known of Hannah's life after she settled
down again to her accustomed round of household duties on her return home.
In fact, except for the record of the birth of her thirteenth child, Lydia, on
October 4 1698, and the knowledge that she died early in 1736, -her will being
proven in Ipswich on March 10 of that year and recorded in Salem Registry of
Essex Probate, -nothing further was known until 1929, some two hundred and thitry-two
years after her escape from captivity.
But in March, 1929, behind an old gallery pew in the Haverhill Center Congregational
Church, the sexton, Marchus C. Jean, found several papers over two hundred years
old. Among these was a letter from Hannah Duston to the elders of the church,
applying for admission to the membership of the church. This letter is so unusual
in character that it is presented here in full, as follows:
I Desire to be Thankful that I was born in a Land of Light & Baptized when
I was Young : and had a Good Education by My Father, Tho I took but little Notice
of it in the time of it :--I am Thankful for my Captivity, twas the Comfortablest
time that ever I had; In my Affliction God made his Word Comfortable to me. I
remembred 43d ps. ult-and those words came to my mind--ps. 118.17. ... I ave
had a great Desire to come to the Ordinance of the Lords Supper a Great while
but Unworthiness has kept me aback; reading a Book concerning +s Suffering Did
much awaken me. In the 55th of Isa. Beg. We are invited to come:-- Hearing Mr.
Moody preach out of ye 3rd of Mal. 3 last verses it put me upon Consideration.
Ye 11th of Matthew has been Encouraging to me-- I have been resolving to offer
me Self from time to time ever since the Settlement of the present Ministry:
I was awakened by first Sacram'l Sermon (Luke 14.17) But Delays and fears prevailed
upon me:-- But I desire to Delay no longer, being Sensible it is My Duty--. I
desire the Church to receive me tho' it be at the Eleventh hour; & pray for
me--that I may hon'r God and obtain the Salvation of my Soul.
Hannah Duston wife of Thomas AEtat 67.
And so ends the story of the escape from captivity of one of America's greatest
heroines, Hannah Duston.
H. D. Kilgore, Historian
Duston-Dustin Family Association
adapted for web use by jdustin@usm.maine.edu
Children were:
211 i.
Hannah Duston.
ii.
Elizabeth Duston(8420)
(8421) was born on 7 May 1680 in Haverhill, Essex Co., Massachusetts.
(8422)(8423)
iii.
Mary Duston(8424)
(8425) was born on 4 Nov 1681 in Haverhill, Essex Co., Massachusetts.
(8426)(8427)
She died on 18 Oct 1696 in Haverhill, Essex Co., Massachusetts.
(8428)(8429)
iv.
Thomas Duston(8430)
(8431) was born on 5 Jan 1683 in Haverhill, Essex Co., Massachusetts.
(8432)(8433)
v.
Nathaniel Duston(8434)
(8435) was born on 16 May 1685 in Haverhill, Essex Co., Massachusetts.
(8436)(8437)
He died before 1753.
vi.
John Duston(8438)
(8439)(8440) was born on
2 Feb 1686/87 in Haverhill, Essex Co., Massachusetts.
(8441)(8442) He died on
28 Jan 1689/90 in Haverhill, Essex Co., Massachusetts.
(8443)(8444)
vii.
Sarah Duston(8445)
(8446) was born on 4 Jul 1688 in Haverhill, Essex Co., Massachusetts.
(8447)(8448)
viii.
Abigail Duston(8449)
(8450) was born in Oct 1690 in Haverhill, Essex Co., Massachusetts.
(8451)(8452)
ix.
Jonathan Duston(8453)
(8454) was born on 15 Jan 1691/92 in Haverhill, Essex Co., Massachusetts.
(8455)(8456)
x.
Mehetable Duston(8457)
(8458) was born on 14 Sep 1694 in Haverhill, Essex Co., Massachusetts.
(8459)(8460)
She died on 16 Dec 1694 in Haverhill, Essex Co., Massachusetts.
(8461)(8462)
(twin)
xi.
Timothy Duston(8463)
(8464)(8465) was born on
14 Sep 1694 in Haverhill, Essex Co., Massachusetts.
(8466)(8467) (twin)
xii.
Martha Duston(8468)
(8469)(8470) was born on
9 Mar 1696/97 in Haverhill, Essex Co., Massachusetts.
(8471)(8472) She died on
15 Mar 1696/97 in Haverhill, Essex Co., Massachusetts.
(8473)(8474) She was killed
by Abenakis.(8475)
(8476)(8477)
xiii.
Lydia Duston(8478)
(8479) was born on 4 Oct 1698 in Haverhill, Essex Co., Massachusetts.
(8480)(8481)
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